The Universe = All Reality =
Space/Time/Physics (M/E)
Robert Howard Kroepel
Copyright © 2008
Table of Contents
Introduction
Basic Philosophy
Fundamental Physics
Basic Philosophy
and Fundamental Physics
I. The Universe =
Space, Time & Physics (M/E)
1. Space
2. Time
3. Physics
II. The Universe = All Reality
III. Gods?
Introduction
Question: What is the universe?
Answer: The universe is all reality and is comprised of space, time and
physics (matter/energy—m/e).
The philosophy and facts which generate this Answer to the fundamental
and ultimate Question will be presented herein.
Return to Table of Contents
Basic
Philosophy
Object = Entity comprised of
m/e which has a longer duration than a relevant event.
Examples: A woman named Jane, a ball, and a man named Dick.
Event = Relationships, esp. a
causal relationship, between or among objects.
Example: Jane throws the ball to Dick; Jane is the cause of the ball
traveling through space and time to Dick; the relationship among Jane,
the ball, and Dick is a causal relationship.
Causality =
People/objects/events comprised of m/e as causes cause as effects (A)
changes in pre-existing people/objects/events or (B) new
people/objects/events.
Causal Sequence: 1. Cause ->
2. Effect.
Cause = Condition(s).
Effect = Consequence(s).
Causal Sequence Restated: 1. Cause(s)/Condition(s) -> 2.
Effect(s)/Consequence(s).
Concept = Mental
representation/idea of a person or an object.
Principle = Mental
representation/idea of an event, esp. causality.
Logical Arguments
Logical arguments consist of (1) premises which must be (A)
verifiable/falsifiable, (B) verified by physical evidence, and (C)
relevant to the conclusion, and (2) a conclusion which is (A) valid if
relevant to the premises and (B) true if the premises are verified by
physical evidence.
Proof which verifies premises in logical arguments consists of one or
more of the following:
1. Physical Evidence: Observable people/objects/events comprised of
matter/energy observable (A) directly by the five perceptual senses,
including by the use of machines such as telescopes, microscopes, and
audio amplifiers which augment the perceptual senses, or (B) indirectly
by their observable effects upon observable people/objects/events.
2. Eyewitness Reports of Physical Evidence: Reports by credible
eyewitnesses, individuals known to be reputable, reliable, and
therefore not known to be disreputable, unreliable, of physical
evidence, corroborated by credible corroborators.
3. Logical Arguments: In which (A) the premises are
verifiable/falsifiable/verified by physical evidence or by eyewitness
reports of physical evidence, (B) the premises are relevant to the
conclusion, and (C) the conclusion is valid and true.
Note that all premises in logical arguments ultimately are verifiable
by physical evidence, and therefore must be descriptions of or about
physical evidence.
The basic structure of a logical argument:
Premise #1:
Premise #2:
Conclusion:
Q: Are the premises verifiable/falsifiable?
A: __________ (?)
Q: Are the premises verified by proof consisting of physical evidence,
eyewitness reports, and/or logical arguments?
A: __________ (?)
Q: Are the premises relevant to the conclusion?
A: __________ (?)
Q: Is the conclusion relevant to the premises?
A: __________ (?)
Q: Is the conclusion true because its premises have been verified by
proof?
A: __________ (?)
Logical Arguments: If P, Then Q
Logical arguments consist of premises and conclusions.
Premises are statements of facts; conclusions are inferences drawn from
the premises.
In logical arguments, premises must be verifiable/falsifiable/verified
(proven to be true--preferrably by physical evidence--forms of
matter/energy) and relevant to a conclusion, and if the premises are
verified/true and relevant to the conclusion, then the conclusion is
valid, because it is relevant to the premises, and the conclusion is
true, because the premises are verified.
The If P, Then Q logical argument is the logical basis for scientific
thought.
In an If P, Then Q logical argument, ...
... P is a set of conditions or causes,
... Q is a consequence or effect, or a set of consequences or effects.
Example: If (P/Conditions/Causes) this rock hits that window with this
force, then (Q/Consequence/Effect) that window breaks.
Premise #1: If (P/Conditions/Causes) this rock hits that window with
this force, then (Q/Consequence/Effect) that window breaks.
Premise #2: (P/Conditions/Causes) This rock hits that window with this
force.
Conclusion: (Q/Consequence/Effect) That window breaks.
If a case should be found wherein when this rock hits that window with
this force and the window does not break, then there is a
P/Condition/Cause which is missing, there is an additional
P/Condition/Cause which is present but not observed, or there is a
P/Condition/Cause which is missing and an additional P/Condition/Cause
which is present.
The If P, Then Q logical argument is a description of causality,
wherein P/Conditions/Causes cause Q/Consequences/Effects.
The cause of science is to determine the P/Conditions/Causes which
cause the events which are the occurrences of the
Q/Consequences/Effects.
The If P, Then Q logical argument shows both the validity and veracity
of the laws of logic.
Premise #1: If (P/Conditions/Causes) A = A, then (Q/Consequence/Effect)
A n= B.
Premise #2: (P/Conditions/Causes) A = A.
Conclusion: (Q/Consequence/Effect) A n= B.
Return to Table of Contents
Fundamental
Physics
The fundamentals of physics are the Law of Inertia and Its Corollaries
The Law of Inertia: An object having an inertial state of being at rest
or in motion retains its inertial state and thereby remains at rest or
in motion until acted upon by a force.
The Corollaries of the Law of Inertia:
1. A force is a form of matter/energy which is a push or pull which can
cause accelerations and decelerations.
2. Only a force can cause a change of the inertial state of an object
comprised of matter and/or energy.
3. The observation of a change of inertial state implies its cause to
be a force of some kind.
The uncertainty principle recognizes that humans have a problem inre
simultaneously observing both the position and momentum of a particle,
but the method of creating quantum mechanics "laws" whereby known
quantities of atoms/molecules within known volumes are repeatedly
observed to determine what percentage have undergone changes in their
inertial states and the observed percentages are averaged to determine
a reasonably accurate predictability relies upon the fact that among
atoms/molecules forces will cause changes of inertial states and
therefore causality, and determinism, are alive and well at the
microscopic scalar levels of quantum mechanics as well as at the
macroscopic scalar levels of relativity.
Charles Proteus Steinmetz.
Four Lectures on Relativity and Space.
Dover Publications, Inc., 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014 1967
pp. 49–50.
The fundamental law of physics is the law of inertia. "A body keeps the
same state as long as there is no cause to change its state." That is,
it remains at rest or continues the same kind of motion—that is, motion
with the same velocity in the same direction—until some cause changes
it, and such cause we call a 'force.' " [Quotes in the original, but
not attributed to anyone.]
This is really not merely a law of physics, but it is the fundamental
law of logic. It is the law of cause and effect: "Any effect must have
a cause, and without cause there can be no effect." This is axiomatic
and is the fundamental conception of all knowledge, because all
knowledge consists in finding the cause of some effect or the effect of
some cause, and therefore must presuppose that every effect has some
cause, and inversely. [Quotes in the original but not attributed to
anyone.]
By the Law of Inertia and the Corollaries of the Law of Inertia all
other concepts and principles of physics are derived.
NOTE: Inre Space/Time/Physics:
Finite = Having
spatial/temporal/physical limitations.
Infinite = Having no
spatial/temporal/physical limitations.
Return to Table of Contents
Basic Philosophy
and Fundamental Physics
The concepts and principles of basic philosophy inre causality and
logic are embodied in the fundamental physics concept of inertia and
the relevant principle of the Law of Inertia and the principles of the
Corollaries of the Law of Inertia which generate the bases for physical
evidence of the concept and principles of causality which are relevant
to both philosophy and physics.
Return to Table of Contents
I. The Universe =
Space, Time & Physics (M/E)
Universe = 1. Space + 2. Time +
3. Physics (Matter/Energy, M/E)
1. Space
Space = Infinite Volume (The
I-Volume) = Volume of Infinite Radius = Pure Vacuum = Infinite/Eternal
in Existence in Time
Space = Volume of infinite
radius, which, in areas/subvolumes devoid of m/e, is a pure vacuum,
which is measurable by chosen space-intervals, and is infinite in
duration in time.
Unit of Measurement of Space = Space-Interval (Chosen Distance)
Space = Pure Vacuum in Areas Devoid of M/E
Analogy: Water Glass = Volume = Full If 100% Water v Empty If 100%
Devoid of Water v Half Full If 50% Water v Half Empty If 50%
Devoid of Water
Space is the Place.
Return to Table of Contents
2. Time
Time = (A) The temporal principle
by which a duration called a
time-interval (TI), which can be and most often is modeled after a
periodic cycle, a recurring motion, can be chosen for a unit of
temporal measurement which can be used for the measurement of the
durations between the occurrences of events, the durations of single
events, and the durations of objects and the generation of the rate of
ticking, timepoints and timeline of a clock, and (B) the temporal
process which is the physical manifestation of the temporal
principle
in a clock or watch whose rate of ticking, set of timepoints, and
timeline, is generated by its time-interval, whose timepoints can be
used to determine if or not events are simultaneous, when simultaneity
is defined as two or more events occurring at the same timepoint (a
definition which fits the modern definition of simultaneity found in
the Oxford Dictionary of Physics), and whose timeline generates the
arrow of time, the direction of temporal measurement, wherein
measurement means “counting” and ‘counting’ means starting from an
origin, such as the current NOW, at which we have a combination of both
a timepoint and a configuration of the universal matter/energy (m/e),
and time as a measurement process, the temporal measurement process,
obviously requires the mathematical principle of addition as in
timecounts which are accumulations of additional combinations of
timepoints + universal m/e configurations into the future which will
exist in contrast to subtracting as in timecounts of previous
combinations of timepoints + universal m/e configurations into the past
which while once existed do not exist now and will never exist in the
future.
Time is thus (A) an abstract principle, the temporal principle, and (B)
an actual process, the temporal process which is the physical
manifestation of the temporal principle in a timepiece such as a clock
or a watch.
Thus, if you drop your watch, and it breaks, although that specific
physical manifestation of the temporal principle no longer measures
time as designed, time as the abstract temporal principle is not
destroyed.
The temporal principle, the abstract aspect of time, is an objective
reality that has been, is now and always will be independent of
observers b/c it has been, is now, and always will be available to all
individuals who needed to, need to, or will need to measure the
durations between events and the durations of events as well as
objects, and to determine
the simultaneity of events. I.e., when individuals become aware of
their need to measure the durations between events and the durations of
events and objects and to determine the simultaneity of events then
they will
become aware of the temporal principle and will subsequently find a way
to physically manifest the temporal principle in a timepiece such as a
clock or watch of some kind.
The temporal process, the physical manifestation of the temporal
principle in a timepiece such as a clock or watch, is in fact, by its
nature of being a physical manifestation, a physical reality.
The motions of objects change, and the temporal process can be used to
determine the rate at which the motions of objects change.
Objects can endure, and the temporal process can be used to measure the
durations of objects.
Events generally have shorter durations than relevant objects; both the
durations of events and the durations between events can be measured by
the temporal process.
NOTE: A duration of an object can be labeled an event, but that label
would require all objects be labeled to be events, a requirement that
would obfuscate the definition of an event.
Unit of Measurement of Time = Time-Interval (Chosen Duration)
The essence of time is the time-interval (TI), which is the
unit of
temporal measurement.
A TI could be variable or invariable.
The variable time-interval
(VTI) is manifest in a variable
time-interval clock (VTIC), whose rate of ticking, set of
timepoints,
and timeline change inversely with increases and decreases in the
clock’s mass-energy caused by forces which cause accelerations and
decelerations and therefore changes of the clock’s inertial state and
its reference frame.
When a VTIC is accelerated, its mass-energy increases and its
time-interval increases, its rate of ticking slows down, and the
durations between timepoints on its timeline increase.
The invariable time-interval
(ITI) is manifest in an invariable
time-interval clock (ITIC), whose rate of ticking, set of
timepoints,
and timeline do not change inversely with increases and decreases in
the clock’s mass-energy caused by forces which cause accelerations and
decelerations and therefore changes of the clock’s inertial state and
its reference frame because the ITI is adjusted to compensate for
changes of the clock’s mass-energy.
We thus find two time-intervals, the VTI and the ITI, and two clocks,
the VTIC and the ITIC.
VTIs and VTICs measure local time
(LT) in single unique reference
frames, and they generate timepoints which can be used to determine the
simultaneity of events with a single reference frame. A VTIC is
therefore a local time clock
(LTC).
Restated: When time is measured by variable time-intervals, i.e.,
time-intervals which are not adjusted to compensate for changes in
their durations caused by changes in their host clocks’ inertial
mass-energies caused by forces which caused accelerations or
decelerations of their host clocks, the time measured is local time,
the time which is unique to each reference frame/body of reference.
VTICs are designed to be VTICs because their TIs become VTIs because
they are not adjusted to compensate for the changes of their
host-clocks’ mass-energies caused by forces which cause accelerations
and decelerations.
ITIs and ITICs measure absolute time
(AT) or universal time (UT)
in
multiple different reference frames, and they generate timepoints which
can be used to determine the simultaneity of events in multiple
different reference frames. An ITIC is therefore an absolute time clock
(ATC) or a universal time clock
(UTC).
Restated: When time is measured by invariable time-intervals, i.e.,
time-intervals which are adjusted to compensate for changes in their
durations caused by changes in their host clocks’ inertial
mass-energies caused by forces which caused accelerations or
decelerations of their host clocks, e.g., time-intervals in clocks
which, by being adjusted to compensate for accelerations and
decelerations, are “independent of the state of motion of [their
bodies] of reference” (Einstein’s requirement/specification, in
Relativity, p. for clocks which are capable of measuring
universal/absolute time), e.g., the satellite atomic clocks in the US
GPS nav system, the time measured is universal/absolute time.
Albert Einstein, Relativity, Chapter IX:
“Now before the advent of the theory of relativity it had always
tacitly been assumed in physics that the statement of time had an
absolute significance, i.e. that it is independent of the state of
motion of the body of reference.” [p. 27]
Albert Einstein, The Meaning of
Relativity:
If we are given the Cartesian co-ordinates xv, and the time, t, of an
event relatively to one inertial system, K, how can we calculate the
co-ordinates x’v, and the time, t’, of the same event relatively to an
inertial system K’ which moves with uniform translation [is not
rotating] relatively to K? In the pre-relativity physics this problem
was solved by making ... two hypotheses
1. Time is absolute; the time of an event. t’, relatively to K’ is the
same as the time [t] relatively to K. If instantaneous signals could be
sent to a distance, and if no one knew that the state of motion of a
clock had no influence on its rate, then this assumption could be
physically validated. For then clocks, similar to each other, and
regulated alike, could be distributed over systems K and K’ , at rest
relatively to them, and their indications would be independent of the
state of motion of the systems; the time of an event would then
be given by the clock in its immediate neighborhood.
2. Length is absolute; if an interval at rest relatively to K, has a
length s, then it has the same length s, relatively to a system K’
which is in motion relatively to K. [p. 25.]
We note that in the above Einstein has given us the specifications
required for an absolute space-interval/ASI, or universal
space-interval/USI, which can be used for measuring absolute space/AS,
or universal space/US, and he has also given us the specifications
required for an absolute time-interval/ATI, or universal
time-interval/UTI, which is an invariable time-interval/ITI, which can
be used to measure absolute time/AT via an absolute time clock/ATC,
which is an ITIC, or universal time/UT to be measured via a universal
time clock/UTC, which also is an ITIC.
Thus, the concept of absolute time, or universal time, the time
measured by ATIs in ATCs, UTIs in UTCs, or ITIs in ITICs, did not
appear to be a reality for Einstein and other physicists because they
could not find examples of physical manifestations of the temporal
principle of absolute time.
ITICs are designed to be ITICs because their TIs are adjusted to become
ITIs because they are adjusted to compensate for the changes of their
host-clocks’ mass-energies caused by forces which cause accelerations
and decelerations.
ITICS are of two basic designs: (1) The master clock<->slave
clock ITIC configuration wherein a master clock sends radio
signals to
adjust the TI of a slave clock and thereby cause the TI to become an
ITI and the slave clock to become an ITIC; this master
clock<->slave clock configuration remains an ITIC configuration
so long as the master clock remains stable and the master
clock<->slave clock relationship also remains stable: these types
of ITICs are found in the US GPS navigation system; (2) The
motion-sensing self-adjusting
ITIC configuration wherein accelerometers
(and decelerometers) sense changes of the motion of a clock and send
information to an onboard computer which then makes adjustments to the
clock’s TI to cause it to become an ITI and the clock to become an
ITIC; these types of ITICs are likely to be found in inertial guidance
systems in aircraft, spacecraft, surface ships, and submarines.
A timecount is the counting of
time-intervals.
The type of time-interval, VTI v ITI, to be used as the unit of
temporal measurement for a timecount has to be arbitrarily chosen.
The arbitrary choice of the type of time-interval, VTI v ITI, will
determine the type of timepiece, or clock or watch, VTIC v ITIC, to be
used for the temporal process.
A timecount has to begin at an arbitrarily chosen origin.
When an ITI is chosen for the unit of measurement of time, the ITI in
ITICs generates a Continuum of Universal Time—the continuum of the time
measured by invariable time-intervals.
There are two general possibilities for a Continuum of Universal Time.
The Bi-Directional Continuum of
Universal Time: Past Infinity <- ... <- T-2 <- T-1
<- T0 (Origin) -> T+1 -> T+2 -> ... -> Infinity Future,
The Uni-Directional Continuum of
Universal Time: T0 (Origin) -> T1 -> T2 -> ... -> Tn
(Infinity Future)
where
T = Timepoint
T0 = Origin
n = Last the last number, n, of a series.
Infinite/Infinity = (Physics) Having no spatial, temporal or physical
limitations
Finite/Finity = (Physics) Having spatial, temporal and/or physical
limitations
We note that a continuum is regarded to be a non-divisible whole.
American Heritage Dictionary
continuum
1. A continuous extent, succession, or whole, no part of which can be
distinguished from neighboring parts except by arbitrary division.
2. Mathematics
2.1. A set having the same number of points as all the real numbers in
an interval.
2.2. The set of all real numbers.
The American Heritage¨ Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
WordNet
continuum
noun
a continuous nonspatial whole or extent or succession in which no part
or portion is distinct or distinguishable from adjacent parts
WordNet¨ 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
Thus, although the Bi-Directional Continuum of Universal Time appears
to be divisible into two parts from the T0 (Origin) the fact is that it
is nevertheless a continuous whole.
Time is not a causal process—it is the measurement of physical events:
time does not cause physical events to occur.
The Arrow of Time: Past —
Present/NOW — Future —>
The arrow of time is the flow of timecounting/temporal measurement.
The Bi-Directional Continuum of Universal Time enables us (A) to regard
time as extending infinitely into the past (there will be an infinite
number of timepoints extending into the past) and extending infinitely
into the future (there will be an infinite number of timepoints
extending into the future) and (B) to regard time as having a direction
which generates the arrow of time from the past through the present
into the future when the timecount moves from the infinite past
through
the present NOW into the infinite future.
The Uni-Directional Continuum of Universal Time enables us (A) to
regard time as extending from an arbitrarily chosen T0 (Origin) into
the future and (B) to regard time as having a direction which generates
the arrow of time from the T0 (Origin) into the infinite future.
Note that although there appear to be two Universal Continuums of Time,
the fact remains that by human choice the direction of temporal
measurement, or timecount, of the durations between events or the
durations of events, the arrow of time, is from past timepoints through
the current timepoint (the current NOW) into future timepoints, and,
therefore, by human choice, the direction of temporal measurement is
uni-directional.
The physical fact is that the direction of time is also
uni-directional, i.e., the physical arrow of time is from the past
through the present into the future, b/c physical phenomena, esp.
physical events, occur from the past through the present into the
future, and the temporal measurement thereof can only concur with the
direction of the occurrences of physical events, e.g., events can only
be recorded at new timepoints on the universal timeline, the Continuum
of Universal Time.
Theoretically, b/c the direction of time is uni-directional, from the
past through the present into the future, if a reversal of the inertial
states of the people, objects and events comprised of the universal m/e
were to occur for reasons which are currently unknown and in reality
are physically impossible, this reversal would NOT cause a change in
the direction of the universal timecount, i.e., the direction of the
universal timecount would continue to be uni-directional, and the
reversal would occur at a timepoint in the future—at a future
timepoint, and the positions of the people, objects and events
comprised of the universal m/e resulting from the reversal would be
recorded at future timepoints and not at past timepoints.
As each timepoint on a timeline occurs, there is a corresponding and
coincidental configuration of the universal matter/energy (m/e). Within
the universal m/e configuration objects will endure and/or change
position/motions/inertial states, resulting in a change of the
universal m/e configuration from timepoint to timepoint.
Note that there is one-and-only-one universal m/e configuration; its
relationship to a timepoint is coincidental b/c the universal m/e
configuration at a specific timepoint only occurs during that
timepoint, i.e., there is no accumulation of sets of timepoints +
universal m/e configurations. Records, such as photographs, audio
recordings, videotapes, etc., may exist to show what was the universal
m/e configuration at a specific timepoint, but we note that those
records exist in the present timepoint and therefore do not represent a
previous real/actual timepoint + universal m/e configuration
combination.
When simultaneity is defined as two or more events occurring at
the same timepoint, then the timepoints of a clock generated by a
specific time-interval can be used to determine the simultaneity of
events.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneity
Simultaneity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Simultaneity is the property of two events happening at the same time
in at least one reference frame.
The Oxford Dictionary of Physics
Alan Isaacs, ed.
Oxford University Press, Fourth Edition, 2000
simultaneity The condition in
which two or more events occur at the same instant.
Local simultaneity is the determination of the occurrences of two or
more events in a single reference rame/upon s single body of reference
at the same local timepoint generated by identical local time
clocks/LTCs—identical VTICs.
Absolute or universal simultaneity is the determination of the
occurrences of two or more events in different reference frames at the
same universal timepoint generated by identical absolute or universal
time clocks/ATCs or UTCs—identical ITICs.
Is Time Causal?/A Source of Causality?
Causality =
People/objects/events comprised of matter/energy causing (A) changes of
inertial states of pre-existing people/objects/events or (B) new
people/objects/events from pre-existing matter/energy.
Object = Atomic/molecular
organization/pattern which creates what can be identified as a unity
(or an entity) and which retains its identity longer than a relevant
event.
Examples: A woman named Jane, a ball, a man named Dick.
Event = Relationships
between/among people/objects, esp. a causal relationship.
Example: Jane throws the ball to Dick: Jane is the cause of the event
wherein the ball travels through the air to Dick.
A cause is a condition; an effect is a consequence.
Causal Sequence: 1.
Cause(s)/Condition(s) -> 2. Effect(s)/Consequence(s).
The true/absolute causal sequence
can be observed by the use of ITICs to measure the timepoints at which
the causes/conditions were present and the effects/consequences
occurred.
By the Continuum of Universal Time, which is the Continuum of Time
generated and measured by identical ITICs which generate identical
timepoints for all observers regardless of their reference frames or
bodies of reference, and the concept and principle of absolute
simultaneity, which is the determination of the simultaneity of
different events in different reference frames/upon different bodies of
reference, a set of causes/conditions will occur at one universal
timepoint and a relevant effect/consequence will occur at a later
universal timepoint.
Where time is the measurement of the occurrences of events or the
measurement of the durations of objects or events, then time is not
causal—time does not cause events to occur nor objects to endure.
Therefore, time is not causal.
Return to Table of Contents
3. Physics
(M/E)
Physics = People/Objects/Events Comprised of Matter and/or Energy (M/E)
From the results of experiments by Sadi Carnot inre thermodynamics
(heat engines—steam engines) and by Antoine LeVoissier inre chemistry,
which have been replicated, have been derived the conservation laws
(the law of the conservation of matter and the law of the conservation
of energy) and the concept of the isolated m/e system.
NOTE: The term 'law' means 'description of a causal relationship
between objects'; law = principle.
An isolated m/e system has the following characteristics:
1. M/e cannot be added (where would the additional me come from?).
2. M/e cannot be removed (where would the removed m/e go?).
3. The sum total/quantity of universal m/e is a constant.
4. The m/e is indestructible (from #s 1, 2 & 3, plus the
laws of conservation of matter and energy, and momentum and electric
charge).
5. The m/e is infinite in duration in time.
The concept/principle(s) of an isolated m/e system are physical facts
proven by the results of physical and chemical experiments; i.e., we
have physical evidence of the reality of an isolated m/e system which
gives us an understanding of what is an isolated m/e system; thus, the
concept/principle(s) of an isolated m/e system not a physical fact and
not an hypothesis to be proven/confirmed.
The universal m/e = An isolated m/e system with the following
characteristics:
1. M/e cannot be added (where would the additional me come from?).
2. M/e cannot be removed (where would the removed m/e go?).
3. The sum total/quantity of universal m/e is a constant.
4. The universal m/e is indestructible (from #s 1, 2 & 3, plus the
laws of conservation of matter and energy, and momentum and electric
charge).
5. The universal m/e is infinite in duration in time.
M/e is convertible: m -> e: m = e/c2; e -> m: e = mc2.
Thus, the universal m/e system is the one-and-only perfect isolated m/e
system.
B/c universe = all reality = space/time/ physics (m/e), there is no
space/time/physics (m/e) ‘beyond’ or ‘above’ or ‘below’ or ‘outside of’
or ‘in addtion to’ ..., etc., the universe.
All factors considered, the universal m/e was never
created/caused/begun/etc., and is the source of causality, not the
cause of causality, i.e., where the universal m/e is infinite in
duration w/out being created/caused/begun/etc., causality has always
occurred, is occurring now and will always occur.
Thus, the universal m/e could not ever have been created from nothing,
creatio ex nihilo.
Return to Table of Contents
II.
The Universe = All Reality
Universe = space, time and
physics (m/e) = all reality, therefore there is one-and-only-one
universe.
Factual statements are based upon the laws (principles) of logic
wherein A = A, A n= B, and A n= A + B, and the spatial fact that the
spatial reality of the universe consists of a volume of infinite radius
in which time and physics exist and which is a pure vacuum in those
subvolumes devoid of m/e and which is measurable by a chosen distance
of length called a space-interval for a unit of spatial measurement for
the measurement of the distances between spacepoints and which is
infinite in duration in time, the temporal fact that time is the use of
a chosen duration called a time-interval as the unit of measurement of
the number of time-intervals between the occurrences of events, the
number of time-intervals in the durations of events and objects, and
which generates in clocks rates of ticking, sets of timepoints, and
timelines which can be used for the determination of the simultaneity
of events within single reference frames or among multiple reference
frames, in which the continuum of time is infinite, and the physical
fact that the universal m/e system is an isolated me system b/c m/e
cannot be added to it (where would the additional m/e come from?), m/e
cannot removed from it (where would the additional me/ go?), the
quantity of m/e is a constant, the m/e is conserved and is therefore
indestructible and is therefore infinite in duration in time.
The combination of 'our' universe fitting the laws of logic and the
spatial, temporal and physical facts eliminate the possibility that
there could be additional universes co-existing at the same
timepoint(s) as 'our' universe.
Claims there are parallel or multiple universes are effectively claims
that there are more than one universe, which is impossible, b/c there
is one-and-only-one universe.
W/in 'our' universe, all actual spacepoints are accounted for, all
actual timepoints are accounted for, and all actual m/e is accounted
for.
B/c all spacepoints, timepoints and m/e (mass) are accounted for, there
is no space, time or physics available for additional universes to
exist at the same timepoint(s) as 'our' universe.
B/c objects comprised of m/e can occupy both spacepoints and
timepoints, whereas two objects can co-exist at the same timepoint but
not within the same spacepoint, and, therefore, can only co-exist at
the same timepoint at different spacepoints, or, otherwise, two objects
can exist at the same spacepoint only at different timepoints, if
'additional' universes co-exist w 'our' universe at the same
timepoint(s), the 'additional' universes must occupy different
spacepoints, which is impossible b/c all spacepoints are included in
the one-and-only universe which is 'our' universe.
By the application of the mantra "He who asserts must prove!!!",
individuals who assert the claim that parallel and multiple universes
co-exist as 'additional' universes at the same timepoints as 'our'
universe must prove that these 'additional' universes are occupying
different additional spacepoints and he/she/it must assert and prove
where are the spatial locations of those different additional
spacepoints.
Question: If 'our' universe occupies all spacepoints and timepoints,
and, yet, somehow, 'additional' universes co-exist w 'our' universe at
the same timepoints, where are the locations of the different
additional spacepoints which would have to be occupied by the
'additional' universes?
Answer: The term 'universe' means all reality, all there is or all that
exists. Claims of parallel universes or multiple universes which are,
somehow, outside of or beyond the universe = space/time/physics are
irrational b/c those 'extra' or 'additional' 'universes' would have to
exist w/in the one-and-only universe = all reality = all there is = all
that exists = space/time/physics (m/e) or another term, such as
'superuniverse,' would have to be coined to include those
extra/additional universes, which is irrational b/c the term 'universe'
already means all reality, all there is, all that exists,
space/time/physics (m/e), etc., and, thus another term is not needed.
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III. Gods?
God = Being/Entity having more
knowledge and more capabilities for using that knowledge than mankind.
Under the laws of logic wherein A = A, A n= B, and A n= A + B, Space =
Space, Time = Time, Physics (Universal M/E) = Physics (Universal M/E),
therefore there is no necessity for, nor physical evidence for,
spirits/spirituality, then, if they exist, gods n= space and gods n=
time, therefore gods = physics (m/e), i.e., the gods, if they exist,
are comprised of m/e, and did not create/cause/begin/etc. the universe,
but, as being comprised of m/e, as are humans, the gods could have
greater knowledge and capabilities for using that knowledge than humans
and thus could have the potentiality of re-arranging some of the
universal m/e to create/cause/begin/etc. life, create/cause/begin/etc.
solar systems, etc., etc., etc.
Thus, the gods, if they exist, are comprised of m/e, and exist w/in the
space and time of the universe, and did not create/cause/begin the
universe/all reality.
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