External v Internal Worlds

Bob Kroepel

© 2007

Lakeside Studios

New Durham, New Hampshire USA

The correlation between what is external and what is internal to human minds exists because of the human perceptual senses and the human common sense of individual humans (individual knowledge) and of humans collectively (common knowledge) have developed through their learning as a result of their experiences of their attempts to achieve physical and mental desires and to avoid physical and mental fears and thereby solve problems.

Philosophical Concepts and Principles Inre the Human Mind

Concept = Mental representation of a person or an object
Principle = Mental representation of an event

Person = Object = Entity or unity which retains its identity for a longer period of time than relevant events
Object = Entity or unity which retains its identity for a longer period of time than relevant events
Event = Causal or coincidental relationship between or among people and/or objects

Causality = Causes Causing Effects = People/objects/events who/which as causes cause as effects (A) changes of pre-existing people/objects/events or (B) new people/objects/events.
Causality Sequence = (1) P/Conditions/Causes (pre-existing people/objects/events -> (2) Q/Consequence(s)/Effect(s)

Technique = Application of a principle
Practical Technique = Workable application of a principle
Impractical Technique = Unworkable application of a principle

Perception = Obtaining physical data inre people/objects/events by the perceptual senses
Perceptual Senses = Sight/Hearing/Touch/Smell/Taste

Common Sense = An individual's or organization's set of concepts and principles which are guidelines for logical thought, esp. for determining if or not assertions or propositions (hypotheses) are accurate

Knowledge = Set of accurate concepts and principles

Fact = Verified concept or principle
Belief = Unverified concept or principle

Truth = Verified concept or principle
Falsity = Falsified concept or principle

Individual Knowledge = An individual's accurate set of concepts and principles
Collective Knowledge (Group or Organizational Knowledge) = A group's accurate set of concepts and principles

Accurate = Verified by observable physical evidence, credible eyewitness reports of physical evidence, or sound logical arguments
Inaccurate = Not verified by observable physical evidence, credible eyewitness reports, or sound logical arguments

To Verify = To prove true by proof—to prove true by observable physical evidence, credible eyewitness reports of physical evidence, or sound logical arguments
To Falsify = To prove not true by proof—to prove not true by observable physical evidence, credible eyewitness reports of physical evidence, or sound logical arguments

Credible = (1) INRE People: Not known to lie or deceive for personal gain; (2) INRE Assertions: Verifiable/falsifiable/verified by physical evidence; (3) INRE Premises or Conclusions in Logical Arguments: Verifiable/falsifiable/verified by physical evidence
Incredible = (1) INRE People: Known to lie or deceive for personal gain; (2) INRE Assertions: Not verifiable/falsifiable/verified by physical evidence; (3) INRE Premises or Conclusions in Logical Arguments: Not verifiable/falsifiable/verified by physical evidence

Proof = (1) Observable Physical Evidence; (2) Credible Eyewitness Reports; (3) Sound Logical Arguments

Physical Evidence = People/objects/events who/which are comprised of matter/energy and who/which can be perceived and therefore observed by humans directly or indirectly by the effects they cause on other people/objects/events

Eyewitness Reports = Statements which are descriptions of physical evidence made by credible individuals and, preferably, corroborated by credible corroborators

Credible Eyewitness Reports = Statements which are descriptions of physical evidence made by credible individuals and, preferably, corroborated by credible corroborators
Incredible Eyewitness Reports = Statements which are descriptions of physical evidence made by incredible individuals and, potentially, corroborated by incredible corroborators or not corroborated by credible corroborators

Logical Arguments = (P) Premises (A) which are verifiable/falsifiable/verified by observable physical evidence, credible eyewitness reports or/and conclusions from sound logical arguments and (B) which are relevant to (related to) the Conclusions and (Q) Conclusions (A) which are valid if relevant to the Premises and (B) true if the Premises are verified.

P = Premises = Conditions = Causes
Q = Conclusion = Consequence(s) = Effect(s)

Valid = Relevant to the Premises or Conclusions
Invalid or Not Valid = Not Relevant or Irrelevant to the Premises or Conclusions

Sound Logical Arguments = (P) Premises (A) which are verified and (B) which are relevant to the Conclusion and (Q) Conclusions (A) which are valid if relevant to the Premises and (B) true if the Premises are verified
Unsound Logical Arguments = (P) Premises (A) which are not verified and/or (B) which are not relevant to the Conclusion and/or (Q) Conclusions (A) which are not valid because they are not relevant to the Premises or/and (B) which are false because the Premises are not verified

If P, then Q Logical Arguments (Descriptions of Causality):

Premise #1: If P/Conditions/Causes, Then Q/Consequence(s)/Effect(s)
Premise #2: P/Conditions/Causes
Conclusion: Q/Consequence(s)/Effect(s)

Premise#1: If P/Conditions/Causes, Then Q/Consequence(s)/Effect(s)
Premise #2: Not-P/Conditions/Causes
Conclusion: Not-Q/Consequence(s)/Effect(s)

Mind = Individual's personal set of desires, fears and priorities

Desire = Wanting a person, object or event
Fear = Not-wanting a person, object or event
Priority = The importance of each desire or fear compared to all other desires and fears

Physical Desire = Unlearned wanting a person/object/event
Physical Fear = Unlearned not-wanting a person/object/event

Mental Desire = Learned wanting for a person/object/event
Mental Fear = Learned not-wanting of a person/object/event

Learning = Changing as a result of the experiences resulting from attempting to solve a problem—involves physiological changes within a nervous system, in particular, among humans, physiological changes of the brain

Unlearned = Not-learned = Inherent in the body—instinctive—not resulting from experiences which are attempts to solve problems
Learned = Not-Inherent in the body—not instinctive—resulting from experiences which are attempts to solve problems—achieve desires and avoid fears

Problem = Learning how to achieve a desire or avoid a fear
Solution (To a Problem) = Person(s)/Object(s)/Event(s) (A) who/which are desired or (B) who/which can help the individual achieve the desired person(s)/objects(s)/event(s)

Problem-Soving = (1) Specify the desire to be achieved or fear to be avoided; (2) Generate alternative solutions—different people/objects/events who/which would solve the problem; (3) Evaluate the benefits and detriments of each alternative solution; (4) Choose the solution with the most benefits and least detriments; (5) Implement the chosen solution; (6) Evaluate the actual benefits and detriments of the implemented solution and (A) retain the implemented solution or (B) redo Steps #2—#6.

Decision = Choice of a solution among alternative solutions to a problem.
Decision-Making Process = (1) Evaluate the benefits and detriments of each alternative solution; (2) Choose the solution with the most benefits and least detriments (Steps #3 and #4 of the Problem-Solving Process)